 Teach Reading Comprehension with Student-Driven SEL (Social Emotional Learning) Discussions l Miss Rae's Room Teacher pressure is real. We barely have enough time in the day to teach the academic content, never mind, teach those Social Emotional Learning skills that are students need. So the only way to do it is to integrate our academics to our SEL skills! And here is one strategy I use to foster collaborative student discussions that support comprehension AND build student relationships through conversation skills. First, provide students with a text to read independently. Before reading, ask them to come up with a focus question about the text that will guide their reading. Have students to use the heading of a text to create a "digging question" (i.e. a why or a how question). This will help students determine key ideas of a text. This also improves strategic use of a highlighter. But the main point is to highlight only answers to the question that the student came up with. This helps to prepare them for discussion times, and it allows it all to be student-driven. Partner Discussion (2 students) (5 minutes) With a partner, students should share the questions that they asked prior to reading, the answer to their questions, and discuss and attempt to resolve any confusions about the text. Group Discussion (4-6 students) (5-10 minutes) Partner groups should partner up with other partner groups for this step. In their small groups, each student should share the following: this was my focus question, here is what I found out, and here is what confused me. Some variations to this can include asking partners to think of one question that they will ask the larger group. After partner discussions, each student can find a passage to read aloud to the larger group, and then, each group member should respond to the selection with why it is important, connections, or with a question. Have groups share out with the whole class a summary of their discussion OR the teacher can lead a discussion about the text.  Teach Reading Comprehension with Student-Driven SEL (Social Emotional Learning) Discussions l Miss Rae's Room Now, here is how you can link SOCIAL EMOTIONAL LEARNING to this reading comprehension strategy! As a class, build a list of discussion norms. By having the students take part in the building of the discussion norms, students are able to take ownership over their daily learning. Here is an example of a Discussion Norms chart...  After modeling and practicing a few discussions, students should be ready to reflect on their own participation during discussion. You can use a reflection page similar to this one...  Students should reflect on the skills that they are strong at during discussion and skills that they need to work on. Next, they should choose ONE skill to begin to focus on improving during discussion.  You can have students fill out a goal sheet with their discussion goal and they can include some success criteria - how will I know when I meet my goal?  After each discussion group, students can reflect on their progress toward their goals, making adjustments if necessary, or setting new goals after achieving the ones they set.  Discussion activities give students a chance to practice goal setting, failing, adjusting, achieving, and effectively communicating. Happy teaching! By Miss Rae  Social Emotional Learning Reading Activities & Discussion Prompts l Teachers Pay Teachers Miss Rae's Room
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 5 Minute Fluency Focus Sequence l Miss Rae's Room Reading and Social Emotional Learning Incorporate this 5 Minute Fluency Focus Sequence into your daily reading lessons to improve fluency and target some social emotional learning goals of teaching students to take ownership over their learning by setting goals for themselves and graphing their progress. Fluency refers to the reading of words quickly and accurately. And research has shown that skilled word level reading is the gateway to fluency. If fluency related issues are connected to deficits in decoding, instruction should target phonics. If fluency is impaired by rate and accuracy, instruction should target automaticity in application of skills. The largest factor that determines a student's fluency is the size of his or her vocabulary. So fluency instruction should be directed towards building a student's sight vocabulary. These words can be either phonetically regular or irregular, but the point is for students to be able to instantly read them because they are that familiar. Simple exposure to words and reading practice boosts sight vocabulary of typical readers! So here is the 5 Minute Fluency Sequence! This 5 Minute Fluency Focus Sequence can be incorporated into your daily reading lessons.  BEST Special Education Guided Reading Model l 5 Minute Fluency Focus Sequence l Miss Rae's Room l Social Emotional Literacy Just align your practice passages to learned sight word vocabulary and with, exposure and practice using this sequence, watch student fluency improve! Social Emotional Learning Component:Social Emotional Learning: Have students set goals for their fluency! This improves Self Awareness, Self Management, and Responsible Decision-Making skills! Students are able to make more prosocial choices for their own academic learning due to improved goal directed behaviors! By Miss Rae  5 Minute Fluency Focus Sequence l Miss Rae's Room l Social Emotional Literacy  4 Ways to Teach Social Emotional Literacy l Miss Rae's Room l Social Emotional Special Education Literacy Learning About half of the students in the United States are presented with challenges when learning to read (National Center for Education Statistics, 2014). This statistic may seem staggering, and it should. But worse, let’s put it into an even more staggering perspective - literacy is an essential element of academic proficiency. It is the medium through which most learning in schools takes place. There are years of research behind the teaching of reading, and we learn from this research in our "How to Teach Reading" teacher training courses. There is one component often forgotten in our training though - reading also includes an emotional component. Struggling learners can be stigmatized by continual reminders of their reading challenges in classrooms, and what does this lead to? Learned failure. Struggling students are two times more likely to drop out of school, experience peer rejection, develop low self-esteem, battle anxiety, and suffer from depression (IDEA, 2002). If a student can’t read, a student can’t access our academic content. Naturally, academic failures, resulting from repeated reading challenges, can potentially lead to social emotional impacts on students (Haft, et al., 2016). Our goal as teachers, then, is to not only teach our students to read, but to also develop strong attributes of emotional literacy. We can do this by infusing social emotional resilience into our curriculum. Through the development of social emotional literacy, we can teach protective factors that positively modify or alter the effects of risks and outcomes associated with the typical trajectory of reading failures (Haft, et al., 2016). So how do we teach our students social emotional literacy? 4 Ways to Teach Social Emotional Literacy l Miss Rae's Room l Social Emotional Special Education Literacy Learning 1. Create and promote supportive classrooms! A supportive classroom climate protects against the detrimental impacts of reading challenges (Kiuru et al., 2012). Such climates build students’ confidence and optimism through the development of a positive and proactive system for classroom management and learning. Teachers should provide consistent praise for perseverance and effort. Through modeling of such feedback, peers will also begin to encourage each other to develop and meet learning conflicts. Strategies to meet these challenges can be taught by utilizing cognitive strengths in instruction and differentiation. Great teachers tailor instruction to meet every student’s needs. To support social emotional literacy, differentiation means that we accommodate, intervene, and modify students’ learning to challenge them to meet learning targets, strengthen lagging skills, and essentially, close the achievement gap. 2. Develop strong and positive interpersonal relationships! Close, positive interpersonal relationships have been identified as increasing the social emotional resilience of students with reading difficulties (Haft, et al., 2016). Specifically, close and constructive peer relationships help struggling learners with acceptance and support in the classroom, leading to positive engagement in school (Shany et al., 2012). Teachers can work to foster these meaningful and productive peer friendships in their classrooms. Prosocial skills should be taught and reinforced through explicit instruction. This begins by identifying the lagging skill (i.e. turn taking in conversation). Teachers should then explicitly define the skill, model the skill, allow students to role play the skill, and provide performance feedback. Furthermore, application of social skill learning can be trialed, generalized, and reinforced through teacher mentorship of struggling readers. Student-teacher mentorship can improve students’ social and interpersonal skills, while also providing a positive aspect to school (Ahrens, et al., 2010). 3. Instill a sense of control! Struggling learners experience a sense of loss of control as they hit continual roadblocks in learning and attempting to read. This, inevitably, increases stress which can lead to maladaptive behaviors, ranging from work and school avoidance to social isolation to acting out in the classroom. Believing that they exhibit a low academic self-efficacy, struggling readers often view their intelligence as fixed and unable to be changed. However, research has proven that the theory of growth mindset can influence academic growth and achievement (Baird et al., 2009). By teaching adaptive coping strategies, that involve confronting problems directly, students can improve their functioning and social emotional literacy skills. Teachers can do this by explicitly teaching growth mindset principles and strategies for approaching difficult tasks. When confronted with a problem, students should learn to assess it, identify a strategy for solution, and apply the strategy. They should also learn that if the strategy does not work, it is acceptable to go back to the drawing board and revise the plan of attack. 4. Build student confidence! Student confidence begins to increase through the successful application of learned coping strategies. Essentially, this teaches students to believe in their own capacity and ability to learn to read! Teachers can strengthen and reinforce improved student confidence by teaching social emotional learning to all students. Students should cultivate a strong sense of self awareness. Through self awareness, students have a keen sense of their strengths and lagging skills, which enables them to tackle learning goals in a more effective and efficient manner for academic advancement. Through a self aware goal setting process, students nurture the social emotional skill of self determination. Teachers should help students set realistic, short-term learning goals that utilize and further develop strengths. Short-term goals support more success for the development of both academic and social emotional skills due to immediate and on-going positive praise and reinforcement; thus, facilitating greater strides in academic progress. Reading is one of the most important gifts we can teach our students. By teaching our students to read, we give them the ability to achieve their life goals, but we cannot forget to target all components of teaching reading, including social emotional literacy! References: Ahrens, K., DuBois, DL., Lozano, P., & Richardson L.P. Naturally acquired mentoring relationships and young adult outcomes among adolescents with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice. 2010; 25:207-216. Baird, G. L., Scott, W. D., Dearing, E., & Hamill, S. K. (2009). Cognitive self regulation in youth with and without learning disabilities: Academic self efficacy, theories of intelligence, learning vs. performance goal preferences, and effort attributions. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28, 881-908. Haft, S. L., Myers, C. A., & Hoeft, F. (2016). Socio-Emotional and Cognitive Resilience in Children with Reading Disabilities. Current opinion in behavioral sciences, 10, 133–141. IDEAdata.org. Exiting by Disability, Ages 14-21. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA); 2002. Kiuru, N., Poikkeus, A-M., Lerkkanen, M-K., Pakarinen, E., Siekkinen, M. Ahonen, T., & Nurmi, J-E., Teacher-perceived supportive classroom climate protects against detrimental impact of reading disability risk on peer rejection. Learn Instr. 2012; 22:331-339. National Center for Education Statistics. The 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL). http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/2003495rev.pdf; ii. Colker, L. J. (2014). Shany, M., Wiener, J., & Assido, M., Friendship predictors of global self-worth and domain-specific self concepts in university students with and without learning disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2012.   4 Ways to Teach Social Emotional Literacy l Miss Rae's Room l Social Emotional Special Education Literacy Learning  4 Ways to Teach Social Emotional Literacy l Miss Rae's Room l Social Emotional Special Education Literacy Learning 
Don't let our girls be dropouts l Miss Rae's Room Teaching Blog
About 4 percent of girls in the U.S. dropped out of school in 2016. While this number may not seem alarming, its repercussions are! Educated women increase a country’s economy. Research has proven that by failing to educate girls, some countries lose more than $1 billion annually. Research has also proven why students dropout of school. Many of their reasons are factors located within our schools But what we don’t know is specifically why our girls are dropping out of school. And why don’t we know this? Because what there hasn’t been much research on is why our GIRLS are dropping out of school! They say girls run the world so let’s tell them what we need to keep our girls from becoming dropouts! Most schools have comprehensive plans to address crisis behaviors and bullying, but do these plans even consider that female students have different needs? Do these plans include targeted interventions for our girls? Do these plans address sexual harassment and rape? Kudos to those who do! Equal opportunity is a right for ALL, and ALL should be included in our schools! And like ALL students... Our girls need to feel safe in school. Girl bullying has its own rules. Exclusion, rumors, gossip, verbal and written harassment, and rallying others to participate in the exclusion are just a few of the tactics that girls possess. Boys tend to be bullied physically while our girls are excluded differently. Girls will share their friends secrets to purposely embarrass her. The next step in hurting another girl is to get others to join in your jealousy of your former friend and begin making mean comments about her clothes or looks. Finally, the former friend is ostracized into isolation. Boys tend to mostly by only other boys while girls are bullied by other girls and boys. And research has shown that girls are more likely than boys to be bullied on school property. So our schools are in need of some anti-discrimination and social emotional learning policies and curriculums. Policies and student and staff learning should include an understanding around students who become pregnant. Schools can include Title IX coordinators in their budgets to help adopt, teach, and enforce these procedures and teachings. Girls tend to bully as a means to gain attention or control due to feelings of jealousy or a lack of importance or self-esteem. By fostering meaningful relationships with others, including peers, mentoring adults, and advisory, our girls can improve their self-confidence and empathy. Our girls need these relationships to become stronger women! “If you educate a man, you educate an individual. But if you educate a woman, you educate a nation.” Empower our girls, giving them a voice to use to change the world! By supporting our girls’ success in typically male dominated career and technical education courses, we are engaging them in an education and providing them with a future! The girls who are successful in these programs will have gained a stronger self-image as a result! But how do we empower the rest of our girls? Our girls need strong female role models! And our strong female teaching staff are the perfect solution! So, model and mentor away, ladies! But let’s make sure our ladies have the support for this too. Schools should train their staff on modeling and mentoring students. Our curriculum should include strong female characters from present-day, history, and our best fictional works! Schools can create teams to ensure a strong female presence curriculum (vertically aligned ofcourse). By giving our girls a voice, we help them stand up for themselves, give them confidence, and teach them to ask questions to grow and learn! A voice also helps them say, “no” when they need to! Schools need to teach our girls how to prevent teen pregnancy! Pregnancy is the major reason for our girl dropouts. Thirty percent of girls who dropout cite pregnancy as the reason. But research has proven that the higher the level of education a girl has, the less likely they are to get pregnant at a young age. Therefore, schools must have comprehensive and quality sex ed programs and keep our girls in school! Let’s face a reality, though, for a moment - despite our best efforts, there are many things that are out of our control so a student may become pregnant. And we still need to support our pregnant girls. Schools can assist students with social service engagement, provide child care (add an early childhood curriculum that doubles as daycare), and offer alternative schooling options and individualized graduation plans. Schools can partner with social service agencies as well to offer classes in parenting skills, prenatal care, and child development. Teen pregnancies can also result from social issues. Address our girls’ silent behaviors! Since our boys tend to be our ACTING OUT behavior problems, their problems get noticed. Our girls, on the other hand, exhibit silent behaviors. Girls tend to express themselves through absenteeism. Schools can utilize data tracking systems to track attendance and address it early. Students at-risk for dropping out can be identified sooner and interventions can be implemented sooner! Absenteeism can lead to academic problems and academic problems can lead to absenteeism. Much like the chicken or the egg debate, the point is moot. But the solution is simple - we need to engage our girls in school! Personalize the environment and instructional process for our girls. This can be done through accommodations, academic support, and enrichment. Tutoring is one method of providing academic support or enrichment. And get more bang for your buck - tutors can be mentors too! Mentors (peer or staff) act as advocates and targeted interventions for your at-risk female dropouts. Staff mentors should focus on engaging parents, advocating for students, and addressing academic and social barriers for students. Mentors can also ensure that girls have equal opportunities to participate in sports and girl teams are treated equitably. And sports keep kids in school! Alternative schooling options keep our girls in school! -Career and technical education -Night schools -Shortened days -Online courses A girl with an extra year of education earns 20 percent more! So stay in school and let’s go takeover the world, girls! #girlboss By: Miss Rae Sources: National Center for Education Statistics, Current Population Survey (CPS), 2016 Unesco, UN 
Women's History Month Reading Comprehension Passages & Response Forms l Miss Rae's Room
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